Tue. Jun 25th, 2024

Earth Interior

  1. What is the estimated temperature of the upper part of the magma slab representing the upper portion-of the oceanic crust?

    Options:

    Option: A

  2. What explains the high temperature in the continental crust as described above?

    Options:
    1. Disintegration and decay of radioactive minerals
    2. Increase in depth
    3. Continental drift
    4. Plate tectonics

    Option: A

  3. How is the heat generated in the interior of the Earth?

    Options:
    1. By the burning of fossil fuels
    2. Through nuclear fission
    3. By the conversion of solar energy
    4. Through the disintegration of radioactive minerals and conversion of gravity force into thermal energy

    Option: D

  4. What was the initial temperature of the Earth approximately 4.7 billion years ago?

    Options:
    1. 10

    Option: C

  5. What is the reason behind the gradual increase in the heat of the interior of the Earth?

    Options:
    1. Heat supplied by the sun
    2. Heat supplied by burning of fossil fuels
    3. Heat supplied by volcanic eruptions
    4. Heat supplied by the disintegration of radioactive minerals

    Option: D

  6. What is responsible for the formation of different zones of the Earth?

    Options:
    1. Planetary accretion and adiabatic compression
    2. Large-scale melting and rearrangement of material inside the Earth
    3. Both a and b
    4. None of the above

    Option: B

  7. Which mechanism is the most effective in transferring heat in liquid materials?

    Options:
    1. Conduction
    2. Radiation
    3. Convection
    4. Advection

    Option: C

  8. What is the third alternative possibility for the transfer of heat from the interior of the Earth towards its outer part?

    Options:
    1. Conduction
    2. Radiation
    3. Convection
    4. Advection

    Option: C

  9. What does solar heat drive?

    Options:
    1. Atmospheric and hydrological processes
    2. Formation of mountains
    3. Tectonic events
    4. Volcanic eruptions

    Option: A

  10. What does the internal heat of the Earth perform?

    Options:
    1. Denudational processes
    2. Destructive works
    3. Constructive works
    4. Both a and b

    Option: C

  11. What is the famous quote from F. Press and R. Siever about the Earth’s internal and external heat engine?

    Options:
    1. "In areal sense, the Earth's internal heat engine destroys mountains and its external heat engine builds them."
    2. "In areal sense, the Earth's internal heat engine builds mountains and its external heat engine, the sun, destroys them."
    3. "In areal sense, the Earth's internal and external heat engines work together to build mountains."
    4. "In areal sense, the Earth's internal and external heat engines work together to destroy mountains."

    Option: B

  12. Which of the following hypotheses proposes that the earth was formed from the accretion and aggregation of solid dust particles?

    Options:
    1. Tidal hypothesis
    2. Nabular hypothesis
    3. Planetesimal hypothesis
    4. Zoeppntz and Ritter hypothesis

    Option: C

  13. According to the planetesimal hypothesis, what state should the core of the earth be in?

    Options:
    1. Gaseous
    2. Liquid
    3. Solid
    4. Both A and B

    Option: C

  14. Which hypothesis proposes that the earth was formed from tidal materials ejected from the primitive sun?

    Options:
    1. Tidal hypothesis
    2. Nabular hypothesis
    3. Planetesimal hypothesis
    4. Zoeppntz and Ritter hypothesis

    Option: A

  15. According to the tidal hypothesis, what state should the core of the earth be in?

    Options:
    1. Gaseous
    2. Liquid
    3. Solid
    4. Both A and B

    Option: B

  16. What state does the nabular hypothesis propose the core of the earth should be in?

    Options:
    1. Gaseous
    2. Liquid
    3. Solid
    4. Both A and B

    Option: A

  17. Which hypothesis proposes that the core of the earth is made of gases?

    Options:
    1. Tidal hypothesis
    2. Nabular hypothesis
    3. Planetesimal hypothesis
    4. Zoeppntz and Ritter hypothesis

    Option: D

  18. Why is the concept of the core of the earth being in a gaseous state not widely accepted?

    Options:
    1. It is inconsistent with the evidence from seismology
    2. It is inconsistent with the evidence from astronomy
    3. It is inconsistent with the evidence from paleontology
    4. It is inconsistent with the evidence from chemistry

    Option: A

  19. What is a magma chamber?

    Options:
    1. A layer of molten rock below the Earth's surface
    2. A layer of solid rock below the Earth's surface
    3. A layer of rock that contains fossils
    4. A layer of gas below the Earth's surface

    Option: A

  20. What is the evidence for the existence of a magma chamber?

    Options:
    1. The increase in pressure with increasing depth inside the Earth
    2. The spread of hot and liquid lava on the Earth's surface during volcanic eruptions
    3. The high temperature prevailing inside the Earth
    4. The fracturing and faulting of the Earth's crust

    Option: B