Theories of Landforms Development

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1. To provide a basis for a systematic description and genetic classification of landforms
2. To provide a basis for a systematic description of external environmental conditions
3. To provide a basis for the classification of rivers and valleys
4. To provide a basis for the development of erosional stream valleys

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1. That landforms change in an orderly manner as processes operate through time
2. That all landforms are formed by erosion
3. That the external environmental conditions are always changing
4. That landforms are formed randomly

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1. The transformation of an uplifted landmass by the process of landsculpture
2. The process of erosion of landforms by water
3. The process of glaciation of landforms by ice
4. The process of land upliftment

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1. Weather, climate, and time
2. Structure, process, and time
3. Erosion, glaciation, and upliftment
4. Geography, topography, and time

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1. A river valley
2. A mountain range
3. A peneplain
4. A delta

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1. Weathering and erosion agents
2. Folding and faulting
3. Lithological and structural characteristics of rocks
4. Denudational processes

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1. Evolution of landforms in a random manner
2. Exogenetic forces originate from within the earth
3. Streams erode their valleys slowly downward
4. A systematic sequence of landforms is developed in response to environmental change

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1. Rapid rate of upliftment
2. Slow rate of upliftment
3. Erosion and upliftment going hand in hand
4. Erosion does not start before upliftment is complete

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1. The highest point of a landmass
2. The lowest point of a landmass
3. The limit of maximum vertical erosion by rivers
4. The difference between upper and lower curves of a landmass

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1. Two stages
2. Three stages
3. Four stages
4. Five stages

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1. Stream lengthening
2. Valley deepening
3. Lateral erosion
4. Vertical erosion

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1. Stream lengthening
2. Valley widening
3. Lateral erosion
4. Valley deepening

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1. Gentle slope and low channel gradient
2. Steep slope and steep channel gradient
3. Gentle slope and steep channel gradient
4. Steep slope and low channel gradient

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1. High velocity and kinetic energy of the river flow
2. Low velocity and kinetic energy of the river flow
3. Low transporting capacity of the rivers
4. Smooth and rounded boulders

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1. Convex valley side slopes
2. Concave valley side slopes
3. Straight valley side slopes
4. None of the above

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1. Mesa
2. Plateau
3. Gorge or canyon
4. None of the above

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1. Rapid rate of valley deepening through vertical erosion
2. Marked lateral erosion and well-integrated drainage network
3. Almost total absence of valley incision
4. None of the above

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1. Valley deepening
2. Stream lengthening
3. Vertical erosion
4. Lateral erosion

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1. Plateau
2. Mesa
3. Peneplain
4. None of the above

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1. Low channel gradient and reduced kinetic energy
2. High channel gradient and increased kinetic energy
3. High transporting capacity of the rivers
4. Steep valley side slopes

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