Denudation Chronology and Erosional Surfaces

Options:

1. A planed landmass eroded down to base level of erosion
2. A featureless plain of subdued reliefs within a larger landmass
3. A peneplain that is still under the process of peneplanation
4. A peneplain formed when most of the landmass is eroded down to base level of erosion and several local peneplains coalesce together

Correct Answer

Options:

1. A planed landmass eroded down to base level of erosion
2. A featureless plain of subdued reliefs within a larger landmass
3. A peneplain that is still under the process of peneplanation
4. A peneplain that has been uplifted due to endogenetic forces

Correct Answer

Options:

1. A peneplain that is still under the process of peneplanation
2. A peneplain formed when most of the landmass is eroded down to base level of erosion and several local peneplains coalesce together
3. A peneplain that has been modified by subsequent events such as tectonic uplift or subsidence
4. A peneplain that has not received any sediment cover

Correct Answer

Options:

1. Local, regional, resurrected, buried, and partial peneplains
2. Local, regional, uplifted, resurrected, and partial peneplains
3. Incipient, regional, uplifted, resurrected, and partial peneplains
4. Incipient, regional, uplifted, resurrected, and full peneplains

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Options:

1. The Himalayas and the Andes
2. The Scottish uplands and the Rockies of Colorado
3. The Amazon basin and the Great Barrier Reef
4. The Sahara desert and the Australian Outback

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Options:

1. The area between two stream valleys
2. The area separating two watersheds
3. The area with small summits
4. The area with the highest altitude

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Options:

1. Younger landforms below and older landforms above
2. A valley with a high channel gradient
3. A flat and meandering river valley
4. A high plateau with steep slopes

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Options:

1. Thick layers of volcanic ash
2. Residual soils and weathered materials
3. Layers of sand and gravel
4. Layers of limestone and shale

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Options:

1. The process of uplifting landmasses
2. The process of decreasing the altitude of a region
3. The process of removing topsoil or rock layers
4. The process of creating new landmasses

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Options:

1. A complete cycle of erosion
2. A plateau with no trace of peneplanation
3. An incomplete cycle of erosion
4. A flat-topped mountain

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Options:

1. Upliftment and subsidence of the earth’s crust
2. Climatic changes and sea-level changes
3. Both a and b
4. None of the above

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Options:

1. It faces opposition from the advocates of dynamic equilibrium theory
2. It is a complete and perfect theory
3. It is widely accepted by all geologists
4. It only applies to certain regions of the world

Correct Answer

Options:

1. No peneplains are now found standing close to base-level
2. The earth’s crust will not stand still long enough for the slow process of denudation to produce a peneplain
3. The rocks of monadnocks are not proved to be more resistant than those of the adjoining peneplain
4. The uplands of Southern New England and of Northern New Jersey are not of uniform altitude

Correct Answer

Options:

1. It is not significant at all.
2. It is only significant in determining uplift.
3. It is only significant in discovering certain stages of geological history.
4. It is significant in determining uplift or deformation in certain cases and discovering certain stages of geological history.

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Options:

1. It is not tenable.
2. It is open to question.
3. It is a proven fact.
4. None of the above.

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Options:

1. The systematic relation suggests a peneplain, which is discordant to the structures that it truncates.
2. The systematic relation suggests a peneplain, which is strikingly indifferent to the structures that it truncates.
3. The systematic relation suggests a peneplain, which is a proven fact.
4. None of the above.

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Options:

1. The composition of the rocks is always taken into consideration.
2. The form of the rocks is always taken into consideration.
3. The form of the rocks is generally inferred on account of their greater resistance.
4. Both A and

Correct Answer

Options:

1. Davis had assumed that there was a difference between the present and certain parts of the past with respect to peneplanation.
2. The discordance between form and structure is of some other origin than peneplanation.
3. The doctrine of uniformitarianism is invalid because of the peneplain theory.
4. None of the above.

Correct Answer

Options:

1. They are of value.
2. They are not of value.
3. They are inconclusive.
4. None of the above.

Correct Answer

Options:

1. The submerged and unconformably buried peneplains give strong evidence of the verity of peneplains.
2. The submerged and unconformably buried peneplains are not standing in the position in which they were forme
3. The submerged and unconformably buried peneplains make a very small part of the earth’s actual surface.
4. All of the above.

Correct Answer