Fri. Jan 10th, 2025

Climatic Change

  1. During which period did the Pleistocene glaciation of the northern land areas of the northern hemisphere occur?

    Options:
    1. Carboniferous-Permian period
    2. Early Jurassic period
    3. One million years BP
    4. None of the above

    Option: C

  2. Which landmasses were covered with ice sheets during the Pleistocene period?

    Options:
    1. South America, Africa, India, Antarctica
    2. North America, Greenland, Europe, Siberia
    3. Australia, Antarctica, southern Africa, Brazil
    4. None of the above

    Option: B

  3. What is the relationship between Caledonian mountain building and late Cenozoic mountain building?

    Options:
    1. They are unrelated
    2. Caledonian mountain building led to late Cenozoic mountain building
    3. Late Cenozoic mountain building led to Caledonian mountain building
    4. They occurred simultaneously

    Option: B

  4. What were the effects of Permian-Carboniferous ice age and late Cenozoic mountain building?

    Options:
    1. Formation of North American cordillera
    2. Upliftment of Tibetan plateau
    3. Formation of Alpine-Himalayan mountain chains
    4. All of the above

    Option: D

  5. Which regions likely experienced colder climate during Pliocene-Pleistocene periods according to computer models?

    Options:
    1. South America and Africa
    2. North America, Northwestern Europe, and Northern Asia
    3. Australia and New Zealand
    4. Asia and Europe

    Option: B

  6. What is the relationship between vertical tectonic movements and atmospheric carbon dioxide?

    Options:
    1. They have no relationship
    2. Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide leads to vertical tectonic movements
    3. Vertical tectonic movements lead to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide
    4. Decreased atmospheric carbon dioxide leads to vertical tectonic movements

    Option: C

  7. Which of the following variables are related to astronomical theories?

    Options:
    1. Earth’s orbital eccentricity
    2. Obliquity (tilt) of the Earth’s rotational axis
    3. Precession of equinoxes
    4. All of the above

    Option: D

  8. What is the obliquity of the Earth’s rotational axis?

    Options:
    1. 22°
    2. 23.1°
    3. 23.5°
    4. 24.27°

    Option: C

  9. What is the net angular variation of the Earth’s obliquity?

    Options:
    1. 1.5°
    2. 22°
    3. 23.1°
    4. 24.27°

    Option: A

  10. What is the present angle of the Earth’s rotational axis?

    Options:
    1. 22°
    2. 23.1°
    3. 23.5°
    4. 24.27°

    Option: C

  11. What is the significance of the obliquity factor?

    Options:
    1. It controls the length of day and night
    2. It controls the latitudinal distribution of solar radiant energy
    3. It controls the intensity and duration of different seasons
    4. All of the above

    Option: D

  12. What is the maximum value of the Earth’s obliquity?

    Options:
    1. 22°
    2. 23.1°
    3. 23.5°
    4. 24.27°

    Option: D

  13. How long does it take for the complete change in the Earth’s obliquity to occur?

    Options:
    1. 22,000 years
    2. 24,000 years
    3. 41,000 years
    4. 50,000 years

    Option: C

  14. What is the relationship between the Earth’s obliquity and seasonal contrasts?

    Options:
    1. There is no relationship
    2. The larger the changes in the Earth’s obliquity, the smaller the change of temperature between summer and winter seasons
    3. The smaller the changes In the Earth’s obliquity, the smaller the change of temperature between summer and winter seasons
    4. The larger the changes in the Earth’s obliquity, the larger the change of temperature between summer and winter seasons

    Option: D

  15. What is the precession of equinoxes?

    Options:
    1. The slow, conical motion of the Earth’s axis of rotation caused by the gravitational attraction of the sun and the moon
    2. The movement of the Earth around the sun in an elliptical orbit
    3. The change in the length of day and night
    4. None of the above

    Option: A

  16. Milankovitch Theory or orbital variation theory explains the advancement and retreat of ice sheets during the Pleistocene Ice Age. What are the three astronomical variables on which this theory is based?

    Options:
    1. Eccentricity, obliquity, and precession of equinoxes
    2. Inclination, eccentricity, and precession of equinoxes
    3. Obliquity, inclination, and distance from the sun
    4. Distance from the sun, precession of equinoxes, and atmospheric circulation

    Option: A

  17. How long does it take for the change in obliquity angle of the earth’s rotational axis to be completed in a cycle?

    Options:
    1. 95,000 years
    2. 11,000 years
    3. 41,000 years
    4. 600,000 years

    Option: C

  18. What is the name given to the earth’s orbital variations according to Milankovitch theory?

    Options:
    1. Solar cycles
    2. Earth cycles
    3. Milankovitch cycles
    4. Orbital cycles

    Option: C

  19. According to Milankovitch orbital theory, what are the prerequisite conditions to induce the cold phase of the climate leading to continental glaciation?

    Options:
    1. Cool summers and relatively warmer winters
    2. Warm summers and cool winters
    3. Dry summers and wet winters
    4. Wet summers and dry winters

    Option: A

  20. What is the main argument of the critics of Milankovitch orbital theory of climatic changes?

    Options:
    1. The amplitude of the fluctuations of solar energy inferred by Milankovitch theory is inadequate to produce the documented climatic changes of ice ages
    2. The theory does not take into account biological changes of the late Cenozoic Era
    3. The theory does not consider atmospheric circulation patterns
    4. The theory does not account for changes in ocean currents

    Option: A