River Valleys and Graded River

Options:

1. Their location on the earth’s surface
2. Their shape and size
3. The processes involved in their formation
4. The type of rocks in the area

Correct Answer

Options:

1. Longitudinal valleys are wider than transverse valleys.
2. Longitudinal valleys refer to the entire span of a river while transverse valleys are a cross-section of the longitudinal valley.
3. Longitudinal valleys are formed by glaciers while transverse valleys are formed by rivers.
4. Longitudinal valleys are found in mountainous areas while transverse valleys are found in flat areas.

Correct Answer

Options:

1. Longitudinal profile
2. Transverse profile
3. Valley deepening
4. Valley lengthening

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Options:

1. Valley deepening, valley narrowing, valley shortening
2. Valley widening, valley lengthening, valley flattening
3. Valley deepening, valley widening, valley lengthening
4. Valley broadening, valley shortening, valley erosion

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1. They develop suddenly due to natural disasters.
2. They remain the same over time and do not change.
3. They evolve slowly and gradually through several stages of valley development.
4. They only change when there is human intervention.

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Options:

1. High rainfall and flat terrain
2. Low rainfall and steep terrain
3. Sufficient runoff and ground slope
4. Sufficient groundwater and low slope

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1. The presence of young valleys within old valleys of rivers
2. The absence of valleys in a particular region
3. The difference in elevation between two valleys
4. The similarity in shape between two different valleys

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Options:

1. Valley deepening, valley widening, valley widening lengthening
2. Vertical erosion, lateral erosion, headward erosion
3. Valley erosion, channel erosion, floodplain erosion
4. None of the above

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Options:

1. Lateral erosion
2. Headward erosion
3. Vertical erosion or downcutting
4. Longitudinal erosion

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Options:

1. The nature, size and calibre of erosional tools, lithological characteristics, channel gradient, flow velocity, transporting capacity of the river, kinetic energy
2. The type of sediment, the color of the rocks, the height of the valley walls, the temperature of the water, the age of the river
3. The type of vegetation, the amount of rainfall, the wind direction, the atmospheric pressure, the phase of the moon
4. None of the above

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Options:

1. Juvenile stage
2. Mature stage
3. Old age stage
4. None of the above

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Options:

1. They are V-shaped and have almost vertical side walls
2. They are U-shaped and have gently sloping side walls
3. They are circular and have flat valley floors
4. None of the above

Correct Answer

Options:

1. Undercutting of the lower parts of the valley sides through abrasion and hydraulic action
2. Sheet-wash of the valley walls through corrosive (solution) mechanism of water
3. Development of rills and gullies along the banks of the rivers
4. Meandering

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Options:

1. Lithological control
2. Meandering process
3. Faulting of crustal rocks
4. All of the above

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Options:

1. Headward erosion
2. River capture
3. Meandering
4. All of the above are mechanisms of valley lengthening

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Options:

1. Young valleys
2. Mature valleys
3. Old valleys
4. Flat valleys

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Options:

1. Lithological classification
2. Meandering classification
3. Consequent classification
4. Valley bench classification

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Options:

1. Consequent valleys
2. Superimposed valleys
3. Obsequent valleys
4. Resequent valleys

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Options:

1. Consequent valleys
2. Subsequent valleys
3. Obsequent valleys
4. Resequent valleys

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Options:

1. Consequent valleys
2. Antecedent valleys
3. Obsequent valleys
4. Resequent valleys

Correct Answer