River Valleys and Graded River
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What type of valleys are developed along the synclinal axis?
Options:
- Anticline valleys
- Rift valleys
- Fault-line valleys
- Syncline valleys
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What are the valleys of small streams that develop along joints of rocks called?
Options:
- Antecedent valleys
- Superimposed valleys
- Joint valleys
- Uniclinal valleys
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Which valley type is developed due to the fall in sea level and consequent accelerated rate of valley deepening?
Options:
- Drowned valleys
- Rejuvenated valleys
- Antecedent valleys
- Rift valleys
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What does the longitudinal profile of a river represent?
Options:
- The channel gradient of the river from its source to the mouth
- The channel width of the river from its source to the mouth
- The channel depth of the river from its source to the mouth
- The flow velocity of the river from its source to the mouth
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What is the maximum limit of vertical erosion determined by?
Options:
- The channel gradient of the river from its source to the mouth
- The sea level
- The flow velocity of the river from its source to the mouth
- The channel width of the river from its source to the mouth
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What does the term ‘grade’ mean in fluvial system?
Options:
- Slope of a stream floor
- Continuous curve of descent of a stream floor
- River flow downstream
- Load transported downstream
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What is a graded river?
Options:
- A river with a flat floor
- A river with a curved floor
- A river that can transport all the loads downstream
- A river that flows uphill
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Who is believed to have first used the word ‘grade’ in 1876?
Options:
- W.J. McGee
- W.M. Davis
- H. Gannett
- G.K. Gilbert
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Who is mainly responsible for elaborating the concept of grade?
Options:
- W. Johnson
- H. Gannett
- G.H. Dury
- W.M. Davis
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What is a graded curve?
Options:
- A flat curve
- A curved floor of a river
- A continuous curve of descent of a stream floor
- A steep curve
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What is the balanced condition of a mature or old river according to Davis?
Options:
- The balance between erosion and deposition brought about by changes in the capacity and quantity of work
- The balance between the quantity of work and discharge of the river
- The balance between the velocity and discharge of the river
- The balance between the slope and volume of water of the river
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According to Dury, what is the slope of the graded river?
Options:
- The slope of equilibrium
- The slope of maximum erosion
- The slope of maximum deposition
- The slope of maximum velocity
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According to Mackin, what is a graded stream?
Options:
- A stream with a high velocity and low sediment load
- A stream with a low velocity and high sediment load
- A stream in which the slope is delicately adjusted to provide the required velocity for transporting the load supplied from the drainage basin
- A stream in which the velocity is independent of the slope
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What are the independent variables that control the hydraulic geometry of a stream?
Options:
- Channel width, channel depth, and bed roughness
- Stream discharge, sediment load, and ultimate base level of erosion
- Velocity, quantity, and nature of sediments
- Channel behaviour, tendency of meandering or braiding, and lithology
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What are the semi-dependent variables that control the hydraulic geometry of a stream?
Options:
- Independent variables
- Channel width, channel depth, and bed roughness
- Velocity, quantity, and nature of sediments
- Channel behaviour, tendency of meandering or braiding, and lithology
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What determines the velocity of the flow in a river channel?
Options:
- Channel gradient and the size of the river channel
- Discharge and velocity
- Velocity of moving water and size of the river channel
- Velocity of moving water and discharge
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What is the relation between meandering and channel slope?
Options:
- Meandering increases channel length, which increases channel slope
- Meandering decreases channel length, which decreases channel slope
- Meandering increases channel length, which decreases channel slope
- Meandering decreases channel length, which increases channel slope
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What is a graded river?
Options:
- A river that has a fixed slope throughout its course
- A river that has attained perfect balance between transporting capacity and total load to be transported
- A river that has a high velocity and a high transporting capacity
- A river that has a low velocity and a low transporting capacity
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What is the stage of degradation?
Options:
- When sediment load increases and exceeds the transporting capacity of the river
- When sediment load decreases and erosion exceeds deposition
- When sediment load decreases and deposition exceeds erosion
- When sediment load increases and deposition exceeds erosion
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What is the graded profile of a river?
Options:
- A longitudinal profile indicating balance between erosion and deposition throughout the course of the river
- A profile indicating the maximum slope of a river channel
- A profile indicating the minimum slope of a river channel
- A profile indicating the sediment load of a river