Geological Structure of India
-
The geological structure of India is characterized by various deposits from different periods, including the Late Paleozoic. During this time, Permo-Carboniferous glaciations left extensive glacio-fluvial deposits across central India. These sediments are known by a specific series name. What is the name given to these tillites and glacially derived sediments found in central India?
Options:
Option: A
-
Indian subcontinent, currently experiencing significant seismic activity, has almost 54% of its land vulnerable to earthquakes. This vulnerability is not just a present-day concern but extends to future projections. According to a World Bank and United Nations report, approximately how many million city dwellers in India will be exposed to storms and earthquakes by 2050?
Options:
Option: B
-
North-Western Region of India, stretching along the Aravalli in Rajasthan and parts of Gujarat, is characterized by specific mineral deposits. These deposits are associated with a particular system of rocks. Which rock system are the minerals in the North-Western Region primarily associated with?
Options:
Option: A
-
Indian Shield, a considerable area of peninsular India, consists of Archean gneisses and schists, representing the oldest rocks. These Precambrian rocks are classified into the Dharwar system and the Archaean system. Which specific metal is notably found in abundance in the Kolar gold mines, located within the Dharwar system rocks?
Options:
Option: C
-
Himalayan belt in India is not only a major physiographic feature but also a source of various metallic minerals. These minerals are found in both the eastern and western parts of this extensive mountain range. Which of the following minerals are found in the Himalayan belt?
Options:
Option: D
-
The geological history of India involves the splitting of Gondwana during the Jurassic Period, leading to the formation of large grabens in central India. These grabens subsequently filled with specific types of sediments. What types of sediments filled the large grabens that formed in central India during the Jurassic Period?
Options:
Option: B
-
Lesser Himalaya (LH) tectonic plate, a significant subdivision of the Himalayan orogen, is characterized by detrital sediments from the passive Indian margin. Within this unit, ancient igneous intrusions are found. What is the approximate age of the granites and acid volcanics intercalated with the sediments of the Lesser Himalaya?
Options:
Option: B
-
Indus Suture Zone (ISZ) marks the collision zone between the Indian Plate and the Ladakh Batholith to the north, defining the northern limit of the Himalaya. This zone is composed of several geological features. Which component of the Indus Suture Zone consists of an intercalation of flysch and ophiolites from the Neotethys oceanic crust?
Options:
Option: A
-
India’s Sedimentary Basins are classified into three categories based on the maturity of hydrocarbon resources. Category-I basins are characterized by having reserves and already producing hydrocarbons. What percentage of the country’s total appraised area (1.6 million square kilometers) do these 7 Category-I basins cover, indicating a high level of exploration?
Options:
Option: B
-
Upper Paleozoic in India saw the deposition of the “productus limestone,” named for the abundance of productids fossils. These limestones are of marine origin and are divided into three distinct lithostratigraphic units. Which unit is part of the Permo-Triassic productus limestone and contains many ammonites?
Options:
Option: A
-
Indian Plate’s delamination, a recently discovered geophysical phenomenon, has significant implications for earthquake activity, especially in regions of high compression like the Himalayan collision zone. This process could lead to shifting stress points. What kind of seismic events could result from these shifting stress points in the already earthquake-prone Tibetan Plateau?
Options:
Option: B
-
North-Eastern Plateau Region of India is a major mineral belt, covering areas like Chotanagpur and the Orissa Plateau. This region is remarkably rich in coal reserves, making it a powerhouse for India’s energy needs. Over 97% of India’s coal reserves are found in the valleys of which four major rivers?
Options:
Option: A
-
Central Himalayan Domain (CHD) forms the backbone of the Himalayan orogen, encompassing areas with the highest topographic relief and peaks. This domain is commonly separated into four zones. Which of these zones represents a 30-km-thick, medium- to high-grade metamorphic sequence of metasedimentary rocks?
Options:
Option: C
-
Aravalli Range is unique for being one of the oldest mountain ranges on Earth, yet in contrast, the Himalayas are young fold mountains that continue to rise steadily. This difference highlights varying tectonic activity. What is the primary reason for the diminished growth of the Aravalli Range compared to the Himalayas?
Options:
Option: A
-
Sedimentary basins in India are classified into three categories based on hydrocarbon maturity. Category-II basins, like Saurashtra and Kutch, hold “contingent resources” and are moderately appraised. These basins cover a specific percentage of the total basinal area. What percentage of the total basinal area do Category-II basins cover?
Options:
Option: B
-
The geology of India provides insights into ancient continental connections, with the Indian Craton once being part of Gondwana. During the Early Carboniferous, rifting began between the Indian subcontinent and the Cimmerian Superterranes. This rift eventually developed into a new ocean. Which ocean formed from this rift during the Early Permian, separating the Cimmerian Superterranes from Gondwana?
Options:
Option: D
-
Upper Vindhyan sequence, part of the Cuddapah and Vindhyan basins, has a contentious age of sedimentation. However, indirect evidence and intrusions provide clues to its minimum age. Kaimur rocks, part of the Upper Vindhyan, were intruded by a specific kimberlite, helping to date them. The Kaimur rocks are older than the intrusion of which kimberlite, dated at 1073 Ma?
Options:
Option: C
-
Indus Molasse is a key component of the Indus Suture Zone, representing post-collisional continental clastic rock sequences. These sediments provide evidence of the intense geological activity following the collision of the Indian and Eurasian plates. What is the age range of these Indus Molasse sediments, indicating their formation after the continental collision?
Options:
Option: A
-
Quaternary period in India’s geological timeline is marked by the deposition of alluvium in the Indo-Gangetic plain. This alluvium is crucial for the country’s agriculture and is categorized into older and newer types. Which term refers to the newer alluvium, confined to the river channels and their flood plains, known for its continuous replenishment of fertile soil?
Options:
Option: B
-
Indian Plate’s continuous convergence with the Eurasian Plate results in significant seismic activity, making the Himalayas one of the most seismically active regions globally. This ongoing interaction causes long-term deformation and mega-earthquakes. What is a key geologic feature in the Himalayas linked to both long-term and short-term seismic processes related to deformation and shortening?
Options:
Option: D