Coastal Geomorphology

Options:

1. Sands, silts, and gravels
2. Rocks and boulders
3. Only sands
4. Only boulders

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Options:

1. Breaker waves
2. Surf currents
3. Longshore currents
4. Undertow currents

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Options:

1. Longshore drift
2. Backwash
3. Uprushing
4. Equilibrium profile

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Options:

1. Backwash profile
2. Uprushing profile
3. Equilibrium profile
4. Longshore profile

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Options:

1. Destructive waves become less active
2. Destructive waves become very active
3. The platform sinks below sea-level
4. Coves and mini-bays are formed

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Options:

1. A platform formed by constructive waves
2. A platform formed by erosive waves
3. A platform formed by deposition
4. A platform formed by tides

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Options:

1. A stable platform formed by constructive waves
2. A stable platform formed by erosive waves
3. A profile that achieves balance between sediment supply and removal
4. A profile that achieves balance between high and low tide waters

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Options:

1. Sea cliffs, tidal inlets, and wave-cut platforms
2. Beaches, bars and barriers, and offshore and longshore bars
3. Estuaries, lagoons, and deltas
4. Coral reefs, atolls, and guyots

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Options:

1. By deposition of sediments by tides
2. By erosion of headlands and cliffs
3. By deposition of sediments by rivers and nallas
4. By deposition of sediments by breaker waves between high and low tide waters

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Options:

1. Upper beach and lower beach
2. Beach cusps and small channels
3. Beach ridges and berm
4. Pebbles and cobbles

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Options:

1. Erosion of pre-existing beaches
2. Erosion of headlands and cliffs
3. Scouring of the offshore zone by storm waves
4. Sediments brought by the rivers and nallas at their mouths

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Options:

1. 2°
2. 10° to 20°
3. 20° to 30°
4. 30° to 40°

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Options:

1. A permanent ridge formed by the high tide
2. A semi-permanent ridge formed by high waves
3. A temporary ridge formed by low tides
4. A ridge formed by volcanic activity

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Options:

1. Low ridges built by destructive waves
2. High ridges built by constructive waves
3. Low ridges built by constructive waves
4. High ridges built by destructive waves

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Options:

1. Small regular embayment
2. Large regular embayment
3. Small irregular embayment
4. Large irregular embayment

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Options:

1. Ridges and runnels at the seaward side of the sand beach
2. Broad and gentle rises and depressions on the lower beach section
3. Small anastomosing drainage channels developed below the cusps
4. Depressions caused by erosion and beach cutting

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Options:

1. Depletion of beaches due to erosion
2. Regular increase in the width of sea beaches towards the sea
3. Formation of ridges, embankments or mounds of sands
4. Formation of shoals due to deposition of sands

Correct Answer

Options:

1. Mounds of sands formed by sedimentation through sea waves parallel to the shoreline
2. Small regular embayments
3. Broad and gentle rises and depressions on the lower beach section
4. Small anastomosing drainage channels developed below the cusps

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Options:

1. Sand bars formed parallel to the coast but not attached to the land
2. Sand bars formed with one end attached to the land while the other end projects towards the sea
3. Ridges and runnels at the seaward side of the sand beach
4. Broad and gentle rises and depressions developed at the seaward side of the sand beach

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Options:

1. Spits stabilized by equilibrium between constructive and destructive waves
2. Spits bent towards the coast by high-energy storm waves
3. Spits attached to the main land at their distal end, forming a baymouth bar
4. Spits that grow at a rate of 12 km per century

Correct Answer