Indian Monsoon
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Forecasting skill is often measured using metrics like the Critical Success Index (CSI). During the 2024 monsoon, which forecast system consistently demonstrated the highest skill in forecasting heavy rainfall (?64.5 mm) over the five-day period, highlighting the strength of combining multiple models?
Options:
Option: C
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Monsoon variability is also assessed by tracking the occurrence of Low Pressure Systems (LPSs), which include LPAs, Depressions, and Cyclonic Storms. How many Low Pressure Systems (LPSs) in total formed over the Indian region during the 2024 monsoon season (June to September)?
Options:
Option: C
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The North-East Monsoon, sometimes referred to as the Winter Monsoon, provides crucial rainfall to parts of Southern India. Which three months typically define the season for the North-East Monsoon?
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Option: C
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The impact of monsoon variability on regional economies is vast, especially regarding agriculture. Crops like sugarcane, jute, and paddy, which require a high quantity of water, are often classified as suitable for cultivation during the monsoon-friendly season. What is the term generally used for these rainy season crops in India?
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Option: C
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The concept of “Monsoon Burst” refers to the sudden and intense onset of the Southwest Monsoon, characterized by moisture-laden winds accompanied by strong thunder and lightning. What is the typical temperature drop observed in coastal regions of Kerala, Karnataka, Goa, and Maharashtra between mid-June and mid-July following the monsoon arrival?
Options:
Option: B
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While the total amount of rainfall may not show a clear long-term national trend due to climate change, spatial variations are evident. According to Dr. Rajeevan Madhavan Nair, which region is specifically noted to have seen an increase in monsoon rainfall, contrasting with decreasing trends elsewhere?
Options:
Option: C
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The Indian Meteorological Department (IMD) defines different rainfall thresholds. For forecasting and monitoring, rainfall between 64.5 mm and 115.5 mm in 24 hours is categorized as which type of event?
Options:
Option: A
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The retreat of the Southwest Monsoon weakens the low-pressure trough over the Ganga plain, causing it to move southward. The monsoon withdrawal generally starts in the first week of September from which specific western state?
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Option: C
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The Indian monsoon is a complex weather system influenced by various phenomena. Which global phenomenon, characterized by the cooling of the central and eastern parts of the Pacific Ocean more than usual, is often associated with a favorable or “good” monsoon in India?
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Option: C
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Historically, the monsoon mechanism was first researched scientifically by Arab traders who exploited these seasonal wind patterns for maritime commerce with India. Which Arab explorer, noted for describing the reversal of ocean currents and monsoon winds over the North Indian Ocean, made observations in the tenth century?
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Option: B
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The Himalayas play an indispensable role in the Indian Monsoon system. Beyond serving as orographic barriers, what critical function do they perform regarding the Southwest Monsoon winds?
Options:
Option: B
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During the 2024 monsoon season, the month of June saw below-normal rainfall activity (89% of LPA). This reduced activity coincided with an anomalous cyclonic circulation observed at the 850 hPa level over a specific part of India. Where was this anomalous cyclonic circulation noted in June 2024?
Options:
Option: B
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The monsoon is often called the “real finance minister of India” due to its overwhelming importance to the economy. Agriculture, which employs about 60% of the population, contributes roughly what percentage to India’s GDP?
Options:
Option: C
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The Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) develops in the equatorial region of the Indian Ocean during the early monsoon season and typically peaks during which specific month?
Options:
Option: C
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Climate change is predicted to cause major spatial shifts in precipitation. The westward expansion of Indian Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) is noted to be part of a broader phenomenon. This expansion is largely driven by GHG forcing, resulting in the westward expansion of which global feature?
Options:
Option: B
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The onset of the southwest monsoon is triggered by intense heating over the northern continent, creating an intense low-pressure system in the northwestern part of the subcontinent. Which specific major geographical feature contributes to this low-pressure formation?
Options:
Option: C
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During the retreat of the monsoon (October to November), the clearance of skies causes temperatures to come down sharply. However, this period is also highly prone to which major weather hazard emerging from the Bay of Bengal?
Options:
Option: C
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In monsoon forecasting verification, the probability of detection (POD) is a key score. During the 2024 monsoon season, the 3-hour thunderstorm nowcast achieved a seasonal POD score that was highest compared to the preceding four years (2020-2023). What was the approximate seasonal POD score recorded for the 3-hour TS prediction in Monsoon 2024?
Options:
Option: B
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The India Meteorological Department (IMD) uses the Long Period Average (LPA) to define normal rainfall. The LPA is the average rainfall a region receives over a long stretch of time. What is the usual time period (in years) used to calculate the LPA?
Options:
Option: C
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The Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) showed distinct monthly variability during 2024. Which month during the 2024 monsoon season recorded the lowest rainfall percentage compared to its Long Period Average (LPA)?
Options:
Option: A