Fri. Jan 10th, 2025

Global Warming and Change in Atmospheric Chemistry

  1. What is the estimated increase in ultraviolet radiation that would reach populated areas of the world due to ozone depletion?

    Options:
    1. 1-5%
    2. 5-10%
    3. 10-15%
    4. 5-20%

    Option: D

  2. What would be the consequence of the melting of continental glaciers and ice sheets?

    Options:
    1. Rise in sea level and submersion of coastal low lands
    2. Decrease in sea level and emergence of coastal low lands
    3. No change in sea level
    4. Increase in sea level and emergence of coastal high lands

    Option: A

  3. How do chlorofluoromethanes enhance the greenhouse effect of carbon dioxide?

    Options:
    1. By reducing carbon dioxide emissions
    2. By increasing water vapor in the atmosphere
    3. By effectively absorbing ultraviolet radiation waves
    4. By effectively absorbing radiation waves in the 8-13 microns wavelength band

    Option: D

  4. What is the main purpose of the Montreal Protocol?

    Options:
    1. To promote the use of chlorofluorocarbons
    2. To reduce the production and consumption of chlorofluorocarbons
    3. To increase the production and consumption of chlorofluorocarbons
    4. To study the level and causes of ozone depletion

    Option: B

  5. What was the world’s annual production of CFCs (chlorofluorocarbons) in 1987?

    Options:
    1. 100 tonnes
    2. 1000 tonnes
    3. 10,000 tonnes
    4. 100,000 tonnes

    Option: D

  6. In which countries is the annual per capita consumption of CFCs the highest?

    Options:
    1. Developing countries
    2. Socialist countries
    3. Developed countries like the USA, Europe, and Japan
    4. All countries consume CFCs at the same rate

    Option: C

  7. Which is the first concrete step towards stopping the production and consumption of ozone-depleting chemicals like CFCs?

    Options:
    1. The Kyoto Protocol
    2. The Paris Agreement
    3. The Montreal Protocol
    4. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change

    Option: C

  8. What were the provisions agreed upon by the countries that signed the Montreal Protocol?

    Options:
    1. To freeze the production of CFCs at 1986 levels by 1989, decrease the production by 20% by the end of 1993, and allow a further 30% cut in production by 1998.
    2. To freeze the production of halons at 1986 levels starting from 1992.
    3. To reduce the total production of ozone-depleting chemicals by 50% by the beginning of 1995.
    4. All of the above.

    Option: D

  9. What is the main lacuna or deficiency of the Montreal Protocol?

    Options:
    1. The provisions for phase-out reduction in the production of halons.
    2. The provisions of exemption for developing countries to implement the reduction program from 1999.
    3. The lack of provisions for reducing the production of other chemicals that contain bromine.
    4. All of the above.

    Option: D

  10. Which chemicals were not covered by the Montreal Protocol but contribute to the depletion of the ozone layer?

    Options:
    1. Chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and halons.
    2. Methyl chloroform and carbon tetrachloride.
    3. Both A and
    4. None of the above.

    Option: B

  11. What is the current per capita consumption of CFCs and halons in developing countries?

    Options:
    1. Very high.
    2. Moderate.
    3. Low.
    4. None.

    Option: C

  12. What is the expected per capita consumption of CFCs and halons in developing countries in the 21st century?

    Options:
    1. It will decrease.
    2. It will remain the same.
    3. It will increase enormously.
    4. It will increase moderately.

    Option: C

  13. According to a survey conducted in 1986, what percentage of the total world consumption of CFCs and halons per year was consumed by developing countries?

    Options:
    1. 16%
    2. 25%
    3. 50%
    4. 75%

    Option: A

  14. What is the limit for per capita consumption of CFCs and halons in developing countries as per the Montreal Protocol?

    Options:
    1. 0.3 kg
    2. 1 kg
    3. 3 kg
    4. 10 kg

    Option: A

  15. What is the percentage loss of the stratospheric ozone expected by 2075 AD if the Montreal Protocol is implemented in toto?

    Options:
    1. 2%
    2. 3%
    3. 5%
    4. 10%

    Option: A

  16. What is the total concentration of chlorine in the atmosphere expected to increase to even if all nations sign the Montreal Protocol and implement all its provisions in letter and spirit, according to the report by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency?

    Options:
    1. Twofold
    2. Threefold
    3. Fourfold
    4. Fivefold

    Option: B

  17. What are some alternatives being explored to reduce the use of ozone-depleting CFCs and halon?

    Options:
    1. Reducing their level of production and consumption, improving use and maintenance of existing CFCs and halon, and searching for substitute chemicals.
    2. Increasing their level of production and consumption, improving use and maintenance of existing CFCs and halon, and searching for substitute chemicals.
    3. Continuing to use CFCs and halon without change.
    4. Increasing the level of production of CFCs and halon while searching for substitute chemicals.

    Option: A

  18. What is HFC-134?

    Options:
    1. A dangerous CFC used in air conditioners and refrigerators.
    2. A bio-degradable, non-toxic, and non-corrosive substitute for Freon-12 in air conditioners and refrigerators.
    3. A substitute for Freon-11 and Freon-12 that depletes ozone more than CFC-11 and CFC-12.
    4. A chlorine-free chemical used in refrigerators.

    Option: B

  19. What is the greenhouse effect?

    Options:
    1. The mechanism by which carbon dioxide and water vapor allow visible sunlight of the sun to reach the surface of the earth but absorb and reflect back the longwave outgoing terrestrial radiation mainly infrared rays back to the earth’s surface and thus help in keeping the earth’s surface warmer.
    2. The process by which carbon dioxide and water vapor prevent visible sunlight from reaching the surface of the earth and keep the earth’s surface cool.
    3. The process by which greenhouse gases are released into the atmosphere, depleting the ozone layer and causing global warming.
    4. The process by which carbon dioxide and water vapor are removed from the atmosphere, reducing the greenhouse effect.

    Option: A

  20. What is the role of greenhouse gases in the greenhouse effect?

    Options:
    1. They allow visible sunlight of the sun to reach the surface of the earth but absorb and reflect back the longwave outgoing terrestrial radiation mainly infrared rays back to the earth’s surface and thus help in keeping the earth’s surface warmer.
    2. They prevent visible sunlight from reaching the surface of the earth and keep the earth’s surface cool.
    3. They cause the depletion of the ozone layer.
    4. They are removed from the atmosphere, reducing the greenhouse effect.

    Option: A