Sat. Sep 28th, 2024

Channel Morphology

  1. How is sinuosity index defined by J. Brice (1964)?

    Options:
    1. Length of channel divided by length of meander belt axis
    2. Length of channel divided by width of channel
    3. Width of channel divided by length of meander belt axis
    4. Width of channel divided by depth of channel

    Option: A

  2. According to Rust, what is the additional channel pattern he identified?

    Options:
    1. Braided pattern
    2. Anastomosing pattern
    3. Straight channel pattern
    4. Sinuous channel pattern

    Option: B

  3. Leopold and Wolman considered anastomosing pattern as a synonym for which pattern?

    Options:
    1. Braided pattern
    2. Straight channel pattern
    3. Sinuous channel pattern
    4. Meandering channel pattern

    Option: A

  4. According to S. Schumm, how did he distinguish braided and anastomosing patterns?

    Options:
    1. On the basis of channel width
    2. On the basis of channel depth
    3. On the basis of channel parameter
    4. On the basis of channel gradient

    Option: C

  5. How is a braided pattern characterized?

    Options:
    1. By a single channel way
    2. By multiple divided channel ways that are always shifting
    3. By a few stable channels
    4. By many stable channels

    Option: B

  6. How is an anastomosing pattern characterized?

    Options:
    1. By a single channel way
    2. By multiple divided channel ways that are always shifting
    3. By a few stable channels
    4. By many stable channels

    Option: D

  7. How are bars or islands in an anastomosing pattern stabilized?

    Options:
    1. By growth of trees
    2. By growth of bushes
    3. By growth of weeds and grasses
    4. By growth of flowers

    Option: C

  8. What is the transitional class of wandering gravel rivers identified by R.I. Ferguson and Werritty characterized by?

    Options:
    1. High sinuosity and channel division
    2. Low sinuosity and channel division
    3. High sinuosity and lack of channel division
    4. Low sinuosity and lack of channel division

    Option: B

  9. How many principal types of alluvial channels are there?

    Options:
    1. Three
    2. Four
    3. Five
    4. Six

    Option: C

  10. Which of the following statements is true regarding channel patterns?

    Options:
    1. Different channel patterns are not related to energy conditions and local constraints.
    2. Straight channel patterns are common in natural systems.
    3. Meandering channel patterns are rarely found in alluvial rivers.
    4. Channel sinuosity is defined as the ratio of valley length to channel length.

    Option: D

  11. What are the characteristics of a straight channel pattern?

    Options:
    1. Pools and riffles at crossovers.
    2. It may be possible in natural systems up to stretches of 100 meters or so.
    3. Water adopts a sinuous path.
    4. Defined as straight when sinuosity index is between 1.05 and 1.5.

    Option: B

  12. What is the definition of sinuosity index?

    Options:
    1. The ratio of valley length to channel length.
    2. The ratio of channel length to valley length.
    3. The ratio of channel width to channel depth.
    4. The ratio of channel depth to valley length.

    Option: A

  13. What is the definition of a meandering channel pattern?

    Options:
    1. Defined as straight when sinuosity index is less than 1.05.
    2. A stream channel having sinuosity index more than 1.5.
    3. It is characterized by pools at the bends and riffles at the crossovers.
    4. A channel pattern that is rarely found in alluvial rivers.

    Option: B

  14. What are the characteristics of a pool and riffle sequence?

    Options:
    1. Pools are wider and deeper, while riffles are narrower and shallower.
    2. Pools are narrower and shallower, while riffles are wider and deeper.
    3. Pools and riffles are both characterized by finer bed material.
    4. Pools and riffles are both characterized by coarser bed material.

    Option: A

  15. What is the theory of mean development formulated by K.S. Richards based on?

    Options:
    1. Statistical principles
    2. Hydraulic principles
    3. Geographical principles
    4. Topographical principles

    Option: B

  16. How many possible stages of meandering reach development are described by K.S. Richards?

    Options:
    1. One
    2. Two
    3. Three
    4. Four

    Option: C

  17. What is the characteristic of the first stage of meandering reach development?

    Options:
    1. Formation of pools and riffles
    2. Formation of ideal meander belts
    3. Sequence of faster and slower eddy flow at bunk full discharge in straight reaches having channel sinuosity index of 1.0
    4. None of the above

    Option: C

  18. What is the characteristic of the second stage of meandering reach development?

    Options:
    1. Formation of ideal meander belts
    2. Lateral oscillation of channels with sinuosity approaching 1.1
    3. Formation of pools and riffles
    4. None of the above

    Option: B

  19. What is the characteristic of the third stage of meandering reach development?

    Options:
    1. Formation of pools and riffles
    2. Formation of ideal meander belts
    3. Lateral oscillation of channels with sinuosity approaching 1.1
    4. None of the above

    Option: B

  20. What is the ideal meander wavelength in the third stage of meandering reach development?

    Options:
    1. 5-7 mean channel widths
    2. 10-12 mean channel widths
    3. 1.0 channel sinuosity index
    4. None of the above

    Option: B